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| | M Mearadji
International Foundation Pediatric Imaging Aid
Rotterdam Netherlands
pleural fluid collection a frequent finding pediatric age group
term ‘pleural effusion’ non-specific may indicate e.g empyema exudate transudate blood different causes.
Pneumonia most common cause pleural effusion childhood followed congestive heart failure renal failure Iatrogenic pleural effusion may also occur Less frequently neoplastic masses present themselves pleural fluid.
Congenital chylothorax collagen vascular disease can present fluid collections pleural spaces
causes a pleural effusion can suspected clinically evaluate nature causes effusion imaging procedures essential adequate diagnosis well therapy
use imaging modalities should problem orientated depending condition child chestfilm AP lateral position first imaging procedure cases where pleural effusion suspected also evaluating therapeutic results
Additional use ultrasound mostly useful evaluate nature origin pleural effusion well localization extension indicate a suitable site a puncture a diagnostic therapeutic procedure cases suspected neoplastic disease ultrasound examination abdomen neck well mediastinum should supplementary performed.
Evaluation CT should performed complicated pulmonary infection especially primary tuberculosis neoplastic diseases well iatrogenic conditions rare cases pleural effusion unknown etiology.
MRI chest indicated heart failure surgical sequellae
presentation value systematic approach different modalities demonstrated a large number patients pleural effusion due different etiology infectious non-infectious shown
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| | AUTHORS:
1 Dr Praveen C Sobti,MD,DCH Associate Professor Department Pediatrics Dayanand Medical College Hospital Ludhiana Punjab INDIA.
2 Dr Ashima Taneja,MD.Assistant Professor Department Obstretics Gyenocology Dayanand Medical College Hospital Ludhiana Punjab INDIA.
3 Dr Gautam Biswas,MD Assistant Professor Department Forensic Medicine Dayanand Medical College Hospital Ludhiana Punjab INDIA.
4 Dr Daljit Singh,MD Principal & Professor Associate Professor Department Pediatrics Dayanand Medical College Hospital Ludhiana Punjab INDIA.
5 Dr Jagjiv Sharma,MD Professor & Head Department Forensic Medicine Dayanand Medical College Hospital Ludhiana Punjab INDIA.
6 Dr Jasbir Kaur,PhD Principal College Nursing,Dayanand Medical College Hospital Ludhiana Punjab INDIA.
Abstract
Aim: determine prevalence childhood sexual abuse medical nursing students a college Punjab India.
Method: Five hundred forty two subjects 17 26 years Dayanand Medical Nursing College filled out a questionnaire absolute privacy gather demographic sexual abuse information participants Demographic data included age gender residence parental income levels Detailed information sexual abuse experience also recorded included perpetrator age abuse onset frequency time location abuse disclosure abuse memories.
Statistical analysis done chi-square student t-test wherever applicable.
Result: participating students constituted 27.3% males 71.8% females overall prevalence rate any form childhood sexual abuse 17% Fifty eight percent 16.7% 31.7% constituted mild abuse (verbal sexual suggestions) moderate abuse (fondling) 16.7% severe forms (vaginal oral anal intercourse) respectively most common type abuse reported form showing pornographic material touching breasts Only 10.6% victims recurrent abuse minimum age victims first incident abuse less 6 years (3.2%) majority (44.7%) experienced 16 years age abuse reported 62% cases location outside victims residence streets neighbors place park school Males abuser 84% cases 51.6% abuser closely related victims 59% subjects time abuse 2pm 10pm Almost 52% victims disclosed sexual victimization others 61.2% reported incidents followed up asked forget incident Seventeen percent currently experience abuse memories other long term impact abuse alcohol drug addiction (46.1%) difficulty establishing relationship (21.2%) unwanted scenes flashing dreams (20.7%) fear certain people 19% subjects.
Conclusion: results provide baseline information prevalence child sexual abuse Though study based recall memory students suggests low prevalence childhood sexual abuse part India students may disclosed may forgotten incident. |
| | abstract: Objective There few publications adverse drug reactions (ADRs) pediatric patients though ADRs incidence usually stated higher first year life.
We assessed study carried out frequency characteristics ADRs children hospitalized pediatric department general surgery Children's Medical Center Tehran Iran.
Methods April September 2003 patients admitting Pediatric general surgery ward Data gathered via two questionnaires one admitted patients two patients suspected adverse drug reactions.
Results 81 children treated drugs 3.7% experienced ADRs Severity ADRs 2 cases classified moderate other one mild most frequent reactions skin reactions 100% ADRs occurred hospitalization suspected medication had discontinued cases new drugs necessary manage ADRs 2 patients.
Conclusions Hospitalized patients exhibited ADR risk profile included female sex number drugs administered particular age predisposition observed most commonly prescribed drugs (antibiotics pediatric patients) most often implicated ADRs our patients
Key words: adverse drug reaction children hospitalized general surgery
Zahra pourpak1 MD PhD Parvin Majdinasab1 PharmD Mostafa Moin1 MD Gholami2 MD Hedayatollah Nahvi3 MD Anoushiravan Kazemnejad4 PhD.
1 Immunology Asthma Allergy Research Institute Tehran University Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
2 Department clinical pharmacology Tehran University Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
3 Department surgery Children's Medical Center Tehran University Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
4 Department Biostatics School Medicine Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
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| | abstract: Background: Angiogenesis important component progression metastasis solid tumours Angiogenesis also critically involved pathogenesis hematologic malignancies Current data important prognostic therapeutic implications angiogenesis a variety malignancies haematopoietic system including acute chronic leukemias myeloproliferative diseases multiple myeloma non-Hodgkin's lymphomas Hodgkin's disease study aims clarifying role angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) endostatin pathogenesis leukaemia lymphoma children asses factors can a prognostic factor leukaemia lymphoma
Materials methods: present study examined levels VEGF endostatin ELISA technique 40 cases 20 cases presenting acute leukemia (13 7 AML) 20 cases presenting lymphoma (13 NHL 7 HD)
Results: Serum levels VEGF endostatin significantly higher diagnosis complete remission controls Serum levels VEGF significant correlation platelets WBCs Hb concentration endostatin diagnosis cases leukemia lymphoma significant correlation age Serum levels endostatin significant correlations Hb concentration VEGF significant correlation age platelets count WBCs significant differences could serum VEGF endostatin different types leukemia lymphoma patients organomegaly without organomegaly
Conclusions: data VEGF endostatin expression ascribes important role children leukemia lymphoma may a prognostic role follow up cases leukemia lymphoma.
author: Magdy M Kamel* Nabil G Mohamed* Emad N Ebeid** Ibrahim A Mehany*.
address: Department Paediatrics* Faculty Medicine El-Minia University; Department Paediatric Oncology** National Cancer Institute Cairo University
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| | abstract: Objectives: Hyperglycemia causally linked vascular glomerular dysfunction a variety biochemical mechanisms including a glucose-dependent abnormality nitric oxide (NO) production action Nitric oxide a candidate mediating hyperfiltration increased vascular permeability induced diabetes
Methods: Serum nitric oxide concentrations assessed 30 children young adolescent type 1 diabetes 15 15 without microalbuminuria compared a well-balanced group healthy control subjects subjects glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determined Cockcroft formula
Results: Our study showed serum nitric oxide values significantly higher microalbuminuria diabetic patients other 2 groups (group I versus group II; 46.7 ± 7.9 versus 32.2 ± 6.1 µmol/l P < 0.05; group I versus group III; 46.7 ± 7.9 versus 25.4 ± 4.2 µmol/l P < 0.02 GFR significantly positively related albumin excretion rate (AER) levels (r2 = 0.75 P < 0.0001) whereas Serum nitric oxide independently associated AER GFR values (B = 2.086 P < 0.05 B = 1.273 P < 0.0085 respectively) finding suggesting a strong link circulating nitric oxide glomerular hyperfiltration microalbuminuria type 1 diabetic patients early nephropathy Mean HbA1c serum concentration significantly higher microalbuminuric normoalbuminuric diabetic subjects (P < 0.05) independently associated AER values suggesting a role chronic hyperglycemia genesis diabetic nephropathy HbA1c serum concentration significantly positively related serum nitric oxide (r2 = 0.45 P = 0.0063) GFR values (r2 = 0.57 P = 0.0011) suggesting chronic hyperglycemia may act a mechanism involves increased nitric oxide generation and/or action.
conclusion we type 1 diabetic patients early nephropathy chronic hyperglycemia associated increased nitric oxide biosynthesis action contributes generating glomerular hyperfiltration persistent microalbuminuria
author: Galal A Khalaf* Magdy MK Mahmoud** Ashraf M Osman***
address: Internal Medicine* Pediatric** Clinical Pathology*** departments El-Minia University Hospital El-Minia Egypt.
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