Patient Information: Dietary Reference Intakes

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Dietary Reference Intakes: Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULa) for Certain Nutrients and Food Components




Life-Stage Group Calcium (g/day) Phosphorus (g/day) Magnesium (mg/day)b Vitamin D (g/day) Fluoride (mg/day) Niacin (mg/day)c Vitamin B6 (mg/day) Folate (g/day)c Choline (g/day)
0–6 months NDc ND ND 25 0.7 ND ND ND ND
7–12 months ND ND ND 25 0.9 ND ND ND ND
1–3 years 2.5 3 65 50 1.3 10 30 300 1.0
4–8 years 2.5 3 110 50 2.2 15 40 400 1.0
9–13 years 2.5 4 350 50 10 20 60 600 2.0
14–18 years 2.5 4 350 50 10 30 80 800 3.0
19–70 years 2.5 4 350 50 10 35 100 1,000 3.5
> 70 years 2.5 3 350 50 10 35 100 1,000 3.5
Pregnancy
 18 years 2.5 3.5 350 50 10 30 80 800 3.0
19–50 years 2.5 3.5 350 50 10 35 100 1,000 3.5
Lactation
 18 years 2.5 4 350 50 10 30 80 800 3.0
19–50 years 2.5 4 350 50 10 35 100 1,000 3.5

aUL = The maximum level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects. Unless otherwise specified, the UL represents total intake from food, water, and supplements. Due to lack of suitable data, ULs could not be established for thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, and biotin. In the absence of ULs, extra caution may be warranted in consuming levels above recommended intakes.
bThe UL for magnesium represents intake from a pharmacological agent only and does not include intake from food and water.
cThe ULs for niacin and folate apply to synthetic forms obtained from supplements, fortified foods, or a combination of the two.
dND: Not determinable due to lack of data of adverse effects in this age group and concern with regard to lack of ability to handle excess amounts. Source of intake should be from food only to prevent high levels of intake.