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Adenovirus Infections
OVERVIEW: Adenovirus infections are usually self-limited illnesses characterized by fever and inflammation of eyes and the respiratory tract. Adenovirus infections occur in epidemics.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: Vary depending on the type of virus. Most respiratory adenovirus infections cause:
• Headache
• Malaise
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Fever (moderate to high)
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
CAUSES: One of several types of adenovirus
SCOPE: Adenovirus infections are common in the United States. They are estimated to cause 2-5% of all respiratory infections.
MOST OFTEN AFFECTED: The disease can affect all ages, males and females equally, but it is more common in infants and children.
RISK FACTORS: • Large number of people gathered in a small area (military recruits, college students at the beginning of the school year, day-care centers, community swimming pools, etc.)
• Persons with immune system disorders are at risk for severe disease.
DIAGNOSIS PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: • The Physician will perform a physical examination.
• Other similar conditions will be investigated, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, or other respiratory illnesses.
TESTS AND PROCEDURES: • Blood tests to evaluate for signs of infection or inflammation
• Sputum or other body fluids may be cultured for microbiological analysis.
• A chest x-ray may be performed to assess the respiratory system.
• Biopsy (lung or other) may be needed in severe or unusual cases.
TREATMENT GENERAL MEASURES: • Adenovirus is usually treated on an outpatient basis except for severely ill infants.
• Treatment is supportive, aimed at relieving symptoms.
• Adenovirus infections are usually harmless and of short duration.
• Avoid aspirin in children.
• Nasal spray may help relieve nasal congestion.
• Wash hands frequently to avoid transmission of virus.
ACTIVITY: Rest during fever
DIET: No special diet
Adenovirus Infection
MEDICATIONS COMMONLY PRESCRIBED DRUGS: • Acetaminophen
• Topical corticosteroids for conjunctivitis (pink eye)
• Cough suppressants and/or expectorants
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Read drug product information.
PRECAUTIONS: Read drug product information.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Read drug product information.
Other Drugs: N/A
FOLLOW UP PATIENT MONITORING: Infants with severe pneumonia and conjunctivitis should be seen daily by the doctor until well.
PREVENTION/AVOIDANCE: • Adenovirus vaccine reduces the incidence of acute respiratory disease.
• Frequent hand washing by office personnel and family members reduces the risk of virus transmission.
COMPLICATIONS: • Acetaminophen
• Topical corticosteroids for conjunctivitis (pink eye)
• Cough suppressants and/or expectorants
WHAT TO EXPECT: • Adenovirus infection is self-limited, usually without lasting effects.
• Adenovirus can cause severe illness and death in very young persons and in those with immune system disorders.
MISCELLANEOUS OTHER FACTORS: N/A
PEDIATRIC: Viral pneumonia in infants may be fatal. Aspirin should not be given to children.
GERIATRIC: Complications are more likely among elderly persons.
OTHERS: N/A
PREGNANCY: No special precautions
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